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Kā sadalīt virknes programmā C++?

Šajā tēmā tiks apspriests, kā mēs varam sadalīt noteiktās virknes vienā vārdā C++ programmēšanas valoda . Ja vārdu grupu vai virkņu kopu sadalām atsevišķos vārdos, to sauc par sadalīt vai virknes dalīšana. Tomēr virkņu sadalīšana ir iespējama tikai ar dažiem norobežotājiem, piemēram, atstarpi ( ), komatu (,), defisi (-) utt., padarot vārdus individuālus. Turklāt nav iepriekš noteiktas sadalīšanas funkcijas, kas sadalītu virkņu kolekciju atsevišķā virknē. Tātad, šeit mēs uzzināsim dažādas metodes, kā sadalīt virknes vienā C++.

Kā sadalīt virknes programmā C++

Dažāda metode, lai panāktu virkņu sadalīšanu C++

  1. Izmantojiet strtok() funkciju, lai sadalītu virknes
  2. Izmantojiet pielāgoto split() funkciju, lai sadalītu virknes
  3. Izmantojiet funkciju std::getline(), lai sadalītu virkni
  4. Izmantojiet funkcijas find() un substr(), lai sadalītu virkni

Izmantojiet strtok() funkciju, lai sadalītu virknes

strtok (): Funkcija strtok() tiek izmantota, lai sadalītu sākotnējo virkni gabalos vai marķieros, pamatojoties uz nodoto norobežotāju.

Sintakse 

 char *ptr = strtok( str, delim)

Iepriekš minētajā sintaksē strtok() ir divi parametri, the str , un ES dalos .

str : str ir oriģināla virkne, no kuras funkcija strtok() sadala virknes.

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ES dalos : tā ir rakstzīme, ko izmanto, lai sadalītu virkni. Piemēram, komats (,), atstarpe ( ), defise (-) utt.

Atgriezties : tas atgriež rādītāju, kas atsaucas uz nākamajiem rakstzīmju marķieriem. Sākotnēji tas norāda uz stīgu pirmo marķieri.

Piezīme. Funkcija strtok() maina sākotnējo virkni un katrā funkcijas strtok() izsaukumā norobežotāja pozīcijā ievieto rakstzīmi NULL (''). Tādā veidā tas var viegli izsekot marķiera statusam.

Programma virkņu sadalīšanai, izmantojot funkciju strtok ().

Apskatīsim piemēru, kā sadalīt virkni C++, izmantojot funkciju strtok().

burak ozcivit

Programma.cpp 

 #include #include using namespace std; int main() { char str[100]; // declare the size of string cout &lt;&lt; &apos; Enter a string: &apos; &lt;<endl; cin.getline(str, 100); use getline() function to read a string from input stream char *ptr; declare ptr pointer ' , '); strtok() separate using comma (,) delimiter. cout << 
 split function: endl; while loop check is not null (ptr !="NULL)" { print the token (null, } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a string: Learn how to split a string in C++ using the strtok() function. Split string using strtok() function: Learn how to split a string in C++ Using the strtok() function. </pre> <h3>Program to use custom split() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let&apos;s write a program to split sequences of strings in C++ using a custom split() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program2.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != &apos;&apos;; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<' the split is: '; for (int < max; i++) << '
 : ' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let&apos;s consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, &apos; &apos;)) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, &apos; &apos; whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout &lt;&lt; T &lt;&lt; endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let&apos;s consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &amp;str, const char delim, std::vector &amp;out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = &apos;Learn How to split a string in C++&apos;; const char delim = &apos; &apos;; /* define the delimiter like space (&apos; &apos;), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;Your given string is: &apos; &lt;&lt; s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &amp;s2: out) { std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;
&apos; &lt;&lt; s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let&apos;s write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = &apos;How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++&apos;; string delim = &apos;_&apos;; // delimiter cout &lt;&lt; &apos; Your string with delimiter is: &apos; &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout &lt;&lt; token1 &lt;&lt; endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=></pre></endl;>

Programma, lai izmantotu pielāgotu split() funkciju, lai sadalītu virknes

Uzrakstīsim programmu virkņu secību sadalīšanai programmā C++, izmantojot pielāgotu split() funkciju.

Programma2.cpp 

 #include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != &apos;&apos;; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<\' the split is: \'; for (int < max; i++) << \'
 : \' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let&apos;s consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, &apos; &apos;)) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, &apos; &apos; whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout &lt;&lt; T &lt;&lt; endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let&apos;s consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &amp;str, const char delim, std::vector &amp;out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = &apos;Learn How to split a string in C++&apos;; const char delim = &apos; &apos;; /* define the delimiter like space (&apos; &apos;), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;Your given string is: &apos; &lt;&lt; s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &amp;s2: out) { std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;
&apos; &lt;&lt; s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let&apos;s write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = &apos;How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++&apos;; string delim = &apos;_&apos;; // delimiter cout &lt;&lt; &apos; Your string with delimiter is: &apos; &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout &lt;&lt; token1 &lt;&lt; endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=>

Izmantojiet funkciju std::getline(), lai sadalītu virkni

Funkcija getline () ir standarta C++ bibliotēkas funkcija, ko izmanto, lai nolasītu virkni no ievades straumes un ievietotu to vektoru virknē, līdz tiek atrastas norobežojošās rakstzīmes. Varam izmantot std::getline() funkciju, importējot galvenes failu.

java ir nulle

Sintakse 

 getline(str, token, delim);

Tam ir trīs parametri:

str: Str ir mainīgais, kas saglabā sākotnējo virkni.

marķieris: Tas saglabā virknes marķierus, kas iegūti no sākotnējās virknes.

dalīties: Tā ir rakstzīme, ko izmanto, lai sadalītu virkni. Piemēram, komats (,), atstarpe ( ), defise (-) utt.

rāmis tkinter

Programma, lai izmantotu funkciju getline() virkņu sadalīšanai

Apskatīsim piemēru virkņu sadalīšanai, izmantojot funkciju getline() programmā C++.

Programma3.cpp 

 #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, &apos; &apos;)) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, &apos; &apos; whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout &lt;&lt; T &lt;&lt; endl; // print split string } return 0; }

Izvade 

 Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language.

Programma, lai sadalītu doto virkni, izmantojot funkciju getline().

Apskatīsim piemēru, kā sadalīt doto virkni programmā C++, izmantojot funkciju getline().

Programma4.cpp 

 #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &amp;str, const char delim, std::vector &amp;out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = &apos;Learn How to split a string in C++&apos;; const char delim = &apos; &apos;; /* define the delimiter like space (&apos; &apos;), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;Your given string is: &apos; &lt;&lt; s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &amp;s2: out) { std::cout &lt;&lt; &apos;
&apos; &lt;&lt; s2; } return 0; }

Izvade 

 Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++

Izmantojiet funkcijas find() un substr(), lai sadalītu virknes

Uzrakstīsim programmu, kas izmantos funkciju find() un substr() funkciju, lai sadalītu dotās virknes programmā C++.

mainīt pievienot kolonnu orākuls

Programma4.cpp 

 #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = &apos;How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++&apos;; string delim = &apos;_&apos;; // delimiter cout &lt;&lt; &apos; Your string with delimiter is: &apos; &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout &lt;&lt; token1 &lt;&lt; endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout &lt;&lt; given_str &lt;&lt; endl; // it print last token of the string. }

Izvade 

 Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++

Iepriekš minētajā programmā mēs izmantojam a atrast () funkcija cilpas iekšpusē, lai atkārtoti atrastu norobežotāja sastopamību dotajā virknē un pēc tam sadalītu to marķieros, kad notiek norobežotājs. Un substr() funkcija saglabā drukājamo apakšvirkni. No otras puses, funkcija erase () saglabā pašreizējo virknes pozīciju un pāriet uz nākamo marķieri, un šis process turpinās, līdz tiek iegūtas visas sadalītās virknes.