N-TAIS FIBONAČI NUMURS — TECHCODEVIEW.COM

Dots skaitlis n , drukāt n-tais Fibonači skaitlis .

Fibonači skaitļi ir skaitļi šādā veselu skaitļu secībā: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ……..

Piemēri:

Ievade: n = 1
alfabēta skaitļi

Izvade: 1

Ievade: n = 9

Izvade: 3. 4

Ievade: n = 10

Izvade: 55
mašīnas valoda

Ieteicamā problēmas risināšanas problēma [/Tex]ar sēklu vērtībām un F_0 = 0

C++

// Fibonacci Series using Space Optimized Method> #include> using> namespace> std;> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >int> a = 0, b = 1, c, i;> >if> (n == 0)> >return> a;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >c = a + b;> >a = b;> >b = c;> >}> >return> b;> }> // Driver code> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >cout << fib(n);> >return> 0;> }> // This code is contributed by Code_Mech>

C

// Fibonacci Series using Space Optimized Method> #include> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >int> a = 0, b = 1, c, i;> >if> (n == 0)> >return> a;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >c = a + b;> >a = b;> >b = c;> >}> >return> b;> }> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >printf>(>'%d'>, fib(n));> >getchar>();> >return> 0;> }>

Java

// Java program for Fibonacci Series using Space> // Optimized Method> public> class> fibonacci {> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >int> a =>0>, b =>1>, c;> >if> (n ==>0>)> >return> a;> >for> (>int> i =>2>; i <= n; i++) {> >c = a + b;> >a = b;> >b = c;> >}> >return> b;> >}> >public> static> void> main(String args[])> >{> >int> n =>9>;> >System.out.println(fib(n));> >}> };> // This code is contributed by Mihir Joshi>

Python3

# Function for nth fibonacci number - Space Optimisation> # Taking 1st two fibonacci numbers as 0 and 1> def> fibonacci(n):> >a>=> 0> >b>=> 1> >if> n <>0>:> >print>(>'Incorrect input'>)> >elif> n>=>=> 0>:> >return> a> >elif> n>=>=> 1>:> >return> b> >else>:> >for> i>in> range>(>2>, n>+>1>):> >c>=> a>+> b> >a>=> b> >b>=> c> >return> b> # Driver Program> print>(fibonacci(>9>))> # This code is contributed by Saket Modi>

C#

// C# program for Fibonacci Series> // using Space Optimized Method> using> System;> namespace> Fib {> public> class> GFG {> >static> int> Fib(>int> n)> >{> >int> a = 0, b = 1, c = 0;> >// To return the first Fibonacci number> >if> (n == 0)> >return> a;> >for> (>int> i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >c = a + b;> >a = b;> >b = c;> >}> >return> b;> >}> >// Driver function> >public> static> void> Main(>string>[] args)> >{> >int> n = 9;> >Console.Write(>'{0} '>, Fib(n));> >}> }> }> // This code is contributed by Sam007.>

Javascript

> // Javascript program for Fibonacci Series using Space Optimized Method> function> fib(n)> {> >let a = 0, b = 1, c, i;> >if>( n == 0)> >return> a;> >for>(i = 2; i <= n; i++)> >{> >c = a + b;> >a = b;> >b = c;> >}> >return> b;> }> // Driver code> >let n = 9;> > >document.write(fib(n));> // This code is contributed by Mayank Tyagi> >

PHP

 // PHP program for Fibonacci Series  // using Space Optimized Method function fib( $n) {  $a = 0;   $b = 1;   $c;  $i;  if( $n == 0)  return $a;  for($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++)  {  $c = $a + $b;  $a = $b;  $b = $c;  }  return $b; } // Driver Code $n = 9; echo fib($n); // This code is contributed by anuj_67. ?>>>

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Laika sarežģītība: O(n)
Palīgtelpa: O(1)

Rekursijas pieeja N. Fibonači skaitļu atrašanai un drukāšanai:

Matemātiskā izteiksmē Fibonači skaitļu secību Fn nosaka atkārtošanās attiecība: $F_{n} = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$ ar sēklu vērtībām un un .

N-to Fibonači skaitli var atrast, izmantojot iepriekš parādīto atkārtošanās attiecību:

ja n = 0, pēc tam atgriež 0.
Ja n = 1, tad tam jāatgriež 1.
Ja n > 1, tam jāatgriež F_n-1+ F_n-2

Tālāk ir aprakstīta iepriekš minētās pieejas īstenošana.

C++

// Fibonacci Series using Recursion> #include> using> namespace> std;> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >if> (n <= 1)> >return> n;> >return> fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);> }> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >cout << n <<>'th Fibonacci Number: '> << fib(n);> >return> 0;> }> // This code is contributed> // by Akanksha Rai>

C

// Fibonacci Series using Recursion> #include> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >if> (n <= 1)> >return> n;> >return> fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);> }> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >printf>(>'%dth Fibonacci Number: %d'>, n, fib(n));> >return> 0;> }>

Java

// Fibonacci Series using Recursion> import> java.io.*;> class> fibonacci {> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >if> (n <=>1>)> >return> n;> >return> fib(n ->1>) + fib(n ->2>);> >}> >public> static> void> main(String args[])> >{> >int> n =>9>;> >System.out.println(> >n +>'th Fibonacci Number: '> + fib(n));> >}> }> /* This code is contributed by Rajat Mishra */>

Python3

# Fibonacci series using recursion> def> fibonacci(n):> >if> n <>=> 1>:> >return> n> >return> fibonacci(n>->1>)>+> fibonacci(n>->2>)> if> __name__>=>=> '__main__'>:> >n>=> 9> >print>(n,>'th Fibonacci Number: '>)> >print>(fibonacci(n))> ># This code is contributed by Manan Tyagi.>

C#

// C# program for Fibonacci Series> // using Recursion> using> System;> public> class> GFG {> >public> static> int> Fib(>int> n)> >{> >if> (n <= 1) {> >return> n;> >}> >else> {> >return> Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2);> >}> >}> >// driver code> >public> static> void> Main(>string>[] args)> >{> >int> n = 9;> >Console.Write(n +>'th Fibonacci Number: '> + Fib(n));> >}> }> // This code is contributed by Sam007>

Javascript

// Javascript program for Fibonacci Series> // using Recursion> function> Fib(n) {> >if> (n <= 1) {> >return> n;> >}>else> {> >return> Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2);> >}> }> // driver code> let n = 9;> console.log(n +>'th Fibonacci Number: '> + Fib(n));>

PHP

 // PHP program for Fibonacci Series // using Recursion function Fib($n) {  if ($n <= 1) {  return $n;  }  else {  return Fib($n - 1) + Fib($n - 2);  } } // driver code $n = 9; echo $n . 'th Fibonacci Number: ' . Fib($n); // This code is contributed by Sam007 ?>>>

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Laika sarežģītība: eksponenciāls, jo katra funkcija izsauc divas citas funkcijas.
Papildtelpas sarežģītība: O(n), jo maksimālais rekursijas koka dziļums ir n.

Dinamiskās programmēšanas pieeja N. Fibonači skaitļu atrašanai un drukāšanai:

Apsveriet 5. Fibonači skaitļa rekursijas koku no iepriekš minētās pieejas:

 fib(5)   /   fib(4) fib(3)   /  /    fib(3) fib(2) fib(2) fib(1)  /  /  /   fib(2) fib(1) fib(1) fib(0) fib(1) fib(0)  /  fib(1) fib(0)>

Ja redzat, vienas metodes izsaukums tiek veikts vairākas reizes vienai un tai pašai vērtībai. To var optimizēt ar dinamiskās programmēšanas palīdzību. Mēs varam izvairīties no atkārtota darba, kas veikts rekursijas pieejā, saglabājot līdz šim aprēķinātos Fibonači skaitļus.

Dinamiskās programmēšanas pieeja N. Fibonači skaitļu atrašanai un drukāšanai:

Tālāk ir aprakstīta iepriekš minētās pieejas īstenošana.

greibach normālā forma

C++

// C++ program for Fibonacci Series> // using Dynamic Programming> #include> using> namespace> std;> class> GFG {> public>:> >int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >// Declare an array to store> >// Fibonacci numbers.> >// 1 extra to handle> >// case, n = 0> >int> f[n + 2];> >int> i;> >// 0th and 1st number of the> >// series are 0 and 1> >f[0] = 0;> >f[1] = 1;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >// Add the previous 2 numbers> >// in the series and store it> >f[i] = f[i - 1] + f[i - 2];> >}> >return> f[n];> >}> };> // Driver code> int> main()> {> >GFG g;> >int> n = 9;> >cout << g.fib(n);> >return> 0;> }> // This code is contributed by SoumikMondal>

C

// Fibonacci Series using Dynamic Programming> #include> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >/* Declare an array to store Fibonacci numbers. */> >int> f[n + 2];>// 1 extra to handle case, n = 0> >int> i;> >/* 0th and 1st number of the series are 0 and 1*/> >f[0] = 0;> >f[1] = 1;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >/* Add the previous 2 numbers in the series> >and store it */> >f[i] = f[i - 1] + f[i - 2];> >}> >return> f[n];> }> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >printf>(>'%d'>, fib(n));> >getchar>();> >return> 0;> }>

Java

// Fibonacci Series using Dynamic Programming> public> class> fibonacci {> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >/* Declare an array to store Fibonacci numbers. */> >int> f[]> >=>new> int>[n> >+>2>];>// 1 extra to handle case, n = 0> >int> i;> >/* 0th and 1st number of the series are 0 and 1*/> >f[>0>] =>0>;> >f[>1>] =>1>;> >for> (i =>2>; i <= n; i++) {> >/* Add the previous 2 numbers in the series> >and store it */> >f[i] = f[i ->1>] + f[i ->2>];> >}> >return> f[n];> >}> >public> static> void> main(String args[])> >{> >int> n =>9>;> >System.out.println(fib(n));> >}> };> /* This code is contributed by Rajat Mishra */>

Python3

# Fibonacci Series using Dynamic Programming> def> fibonacci(n):> ># Taking 1st two fibonacci numbers as 0 and 1> >f>=> [>0>,>1>]> >for> i>in> range>(>2>, n>+>1>):> >f.append(f[i>->1>]>+> f[i>->2>])> >return> f[n]> print>(fibonacci(>9>))>

C#

// C# program for Fibonacci Series> // using Dynamic Programming> using> System;> class> fibonacci {> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >// Declare an array to> >// store Fibonacci numbers.> >// 1 extra to handle> >// case, n = 0> >int>[] f =>new> int>[n + 2];> >int> i;> >/* 0th and 1st number of the> >series are 0 and 1 */> >f[0] = 0;> >f[1] = 1;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {> >/* Add the previous 2 numbers> >in the series and store it */> >f[i] = f[i - 1] + f[i - 2];> >}> >return> f[n];> >}> >// Driver Code> >public> static> void> Main()> >{> >int> n = 9;> >Console.WriteLine(fib(n));> >}> }> // This code is contributed by anuj_67.>

Javascript

> // Fibonacci Series using Dynamic Programming> >function> fib(n)> >{> >/* Declare an array to store Fibonacci numbers. */> >let f =>new> Array(n+2);>// 1 extra to handle case, n = 0> >let i;> >/* 0th and 1st number of the series are 0 and 1*/> >f[0] = 0;> >f[1] = 1;> >for> (i = 2; i <= n; i++)> >{> >/* Add the previous 2 numbers in the series> >and store it */> >f[i] = f[i-1] + f[i-2];> >}> >return> f[n];> >}> >let n=9;> >document.write(fib(n));> > >// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155> > >

PHP

 //Fibonacci Series using Dynamic // Programming function fib( $n) {    /* Declare an array to store  Fibonacci numbers. */    // 1 extra to handle case,  // n = 0  $f = array();  $i;    /* 0th and 1st number of the  series are 0 and 1*/  $f[0] = 0;  $f[1] = 1;    for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++)  {    /* Add the previous 2  numbers in the series  and store it */  $f[$i] = $f[$i-1] + $f[$i-2];  }    return $f[$n]; } $n = 9; echo fib($n); // This code is contributed by // anuj_67.  ?>>>

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Laika sarežģītība : O(n) dotajam n
Palīgtelpa : O(n)

N-tā matricas pieejas iespēja, lai atrastu un izdrukātu N-to Fibonači skaitļus

Šī pieeja balstās uz faktu, ka, ja mēs n reizes reizinām matricu M = {{1,1},{1,0}} ar sevi (citiem vārdiem sakot, aprēķina jaudu(M, n)), tad mēs iegūstam (n +1) Fibonači skaitlis kā elements rindā un kolonnā (0, 0) rezultētajā matricā.

Ja n ir pāra, tad k = n/2:
Tāpēc N-tais Fibonači skaitlis = F(n) = [2*F(k-1) + F(k)]*F(k)
Ja n ir nepāra, tad k = (n + 1)/2:
Tāpēc N-tais Fibonači skaitlis = F(n) = F(k)*F(k) + F(k-1)*F(k-1)

Kā šī formula darbojas?
Formulu var iegūt no matricas vienādojuma.

$egin{bmatrix}1 & 1 1 & 0 end{bmatrix}^n = egin{bmatrix}F_{n+1} & F_n F_n & F_{n-1} end{bmatrix}$

Ņemot determinantu no abām pusēm, mēs iegūstam (-1)ⁿ= F_n+1F_n-1– F_n²

Turklāt kopš AⁿA^m= A^n+mjebkurai kvadrātmatricai A var iegūt šādas identitātes (tās iegūtas no diviem dažādiem matricas reizinājuma koeficientiem)

F_mF_n+ F_m-1F_n-1= F_{m+n-1 ——————————(1)}
kas ir f5 uz tastatūras

Ievietojot n = n+1 vienādojumā (1),

F_mF_n+1+ F_m-1F_n= F_{m+n —————————– (2)}

Ievietojot vienādojumā (1) m = n.

F_2n-1= F_n²+ F_n-1²

M = n iekļaušana vienādojumā (2)

F_2n= (F_n-1+ F_n+1)F_n= (2F_n-1+ F_n)F_n----
java apakšvirknes metode

(Ieliekot Fn+1 = Fn+Fn-1)

Lai formula tiktu pierādīta, mums vienkārši jāveic šādas darbības

Ja n ir pāra, mēs varam likt k = n/2
Ja n ir nepāra, mēs varam likt k = (n+1)/2

Zemāk ir aprakstīta iepriekš minētās pieejas īstenošana

C++

// Fibonacci Series using Optimized Method> #include> using> namespace> std;> void> multiply(>int> F[2][2],>int> M[2][2]);> void> power(>int> F[2][2],>int> n);> // Function that returns nth Fibonacci number> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >int> F[2][2] = { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >if> (n == 0)> >return> 0;> >power(F, n - 1);> >return> F[0][0];> }> // Optimized version of power() in method 4> void> power(>int> F[2][2],>int> n)> {> >if> (n == 0 || n == 1)> >return>;> >int> M[2][2] = { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >power(F, n / 2);> >multiply(F, F);> >if> (n % 2 != 0)> >multiply(F, M);> }> void> multiply(>int> F[2][2],>int> M[2][2])> {> >int> x = F[0][0] * M[0][0] + F[0][1] * M[1][0];> >int> y = F[0][0] * M[0][1] + F[0][1] * M[1][1];> >int> z = F[1][0] * M[0][0] + F[1][1] * M[1][0];> >int> w = F[1][0] * M[0][1] + F[1][1] * M[1][1];> >F[0][0] = x;> >F[0][1] = y;> >F[1][0] = z;> >F[1][1] = w;> }> // Driver code> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >cout << fib(9);> >getchar>();> >return> 0;> }> // This code is contributed by Nidhi_biet>

C

#include> void> multiply(>int> F[2][2],>int> M[2][2]);> void> power(>int> F[2][2],>int> n);> /* function that returns nth Fibonacci number */> int> fib(>int> n)> {> >int> F[2][2] = { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >if> (n == 0)> >return> 0;> >power(F, n - 1);> >return> F[0][0];> }> /* Optimized version of power() in method 4 */> void> power(>int> F[2][2],>int> n)> {> >if> (n == 0 || n == 1)> >return>;> >int> M[2][2] = { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >power(F, n / 2);> >multiply(F, F);> >if> (n % 2 != 0)> >multiply(F, M);> }> void> multiply(>int> F[2][2],>int> M[2][2])> {> >int> x = F[0][0] * M[0][0] + F[0][1] * M[1][0];> >int> y = F[0][0] * M[0][1] + F[0][1] * M[1][1];> >int> z = F[1][0] * M[0][0] + F[1][1] * M[1][0];> >int> w = F[1][0] * M[0][1] + F[1][1] * M[1][1];> >F[0][0] = x;> >F[0][1] = y;> >F[1][0] = z;> >F[1][1] = w;> }> /* Driver program to test above function */> int> main()> {> >int> n = 9;> >printf>(>'%d'>, fib(9));> >getchar>();> >return> 0;> }>

Java

// Fibonacci Series using Optimized Method> public> class> fibonacci {> >/* function that returns nth Fibonacci number */> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >int> F[][] =>new> int>[][] { {>1>,>1> }, {>1>,>0> } };> >if> (n ==>0>)> >return> 0>;> >power(F, n ->1>);> >return> F[>0>][>0>];> >}> >static> void> multiply(>int> F[][],>int> M[][])> >{> >int> x = F[>0>][>0>] * M[>0>][>0>] + F[>0>][>1>] * M[>1>][>0>];> >int> y = F[>0>][>0>] * M[>0>][>1>] + F[>0>][>1>] * M[>1>][>1>];> >int> z = F[>1>][>0>] * M[>0>][>0>] + F[>1>][>1>] * M[>1>][>0>];> >int> w = F[>1>][>0>] * M[>0>][>1>] + F[>1>][>1>] * M[>1>][>1>];> >F[>0>][>0>] = x;> >F[>0>][>1>] = y;> >F[>1>][>0>] = z;> >F[>1>][>1>] = w;> >}> >/* Optimized version of power() in method 4 */> >static> void> power(>int> F[][],>int> n)> >{> >if> (n ==>0> || n ==>1>)> >return>;> >int> M[][] =>new> int>[][] { {>1>,>1> }, {>1>,>0> } };> >power(F, n />2>);> >multiply(F, F);> >if> (n %>2> !=>0>)> >multiply(F, M);> >}> >/* Driver program to test above function */> >public> static> void> main(String args[])> >{> >int> n =>9>;> >System.out.println(fib(n));> >}> };> /* This code is contributed by Rajat Mishra */>

Python3

# Fibonacci Series using> # Optimized Method> # function that returns nth> # Fibonacci number> def> fib(n):> >F>=> [[>1>,>1>],> >[>1>,>0>]]> >if> (n>=>=> 0>):> >return> 0> >power(F, n>-> 1>)> >return> F[>0>][>0>]> def> multiply(F, M):> >x>=> (F[>0>][>0>]>*> M[>0>][>0>]>+> >F[>0>][>1>]>*> M[>1>][>0>])> >y>=> (F[>0>][>0>]>*> M[>0>][>1>]>+> >F[>0>][>1>]>*> M[>1>][>1>])> >z>=> (F[>1>][>0>]>*> M[>0>][>0>]>+> >F[>1>][>1>]>*> M[>1>][>0>])> >w>=> (F[>1>][>0>]>*> M[>0>][>1>]>+> >F[>1>][>1>]>*> M[>1>][>1>])> >F[>0>][>0>]>=> x> >F[>0>][>1>]>=> y> >F[>1>][>0>]>=> z> >F[>1>][>1>]>=> w> # Optimized version of> # power() in method 4> def> power(F, n):> >if>(n>=>=> 0> or> n>=>=> 1>):> >return> >M>=> [[>1>,>1>],> >[>1>,>0>]]> >power(F, n>/>/> 2>)> >multiply(F, F)> >if> (n>%> 2> !>=> 0>):> >multiply(F, M)> # Driver Code> if> __name__>=>=> '__main__'>:> >n>=> 9> >print>(fib(n))> # This code is contributed> # by ChitraNayal>

C#

// Fibonacci Series using> // Optimized Method> using> System;> class> GFG {> >/* function that returns> >nth Fibonacci number */> >static> int> fib(>int> n)> >{> >int>[, ] F =>new> int>[, ] { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >if> (n == 0)> >return> 0;> >power(F, n - 1);> >return> F[0, 0];> >}> >static> void> multiply(>int>[, ] F,>int>[, ] M)> >{> >int> x = F[0, 0] * M[0, 0] + F[0, 1] * M[1, 0];> >int> y = F[0, 0] * M[0, 1] + F[0, 1] * M[1, 1];> >int> z = F[1, 0] * M[0, 0] + F[1, 1] * M[1, 0];> >int> w = F[1, 0] * M[0, 1] + F[1, 1] * M[1, 1];> >F[0, 0] = x;> >F[0, 1] = y;> >F[1, 0] = z;> >F[1, 1] = w;> >}> >/* Optimized version of> >power() in method 4 */> >static> void> power(>int>[, ] F,>int> n)> >{> >if> (n == 0 || n == 1)> >return>;> >int>[, ] M =>new> int>[, ] { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 } };> >power(F, n / 2);> >multiply(F, F);> >if> (n % 2 != 0)> >multiply(F, M);> >}> >// Driver Code> >public> static> void> Main()> >{> >int> n = 9;> >Console.Write(fib(n));> >}> }> // This code is contributed> // by ChitraNayal>

Javascript

> // Fibonacci Series using Optimized Method> // Function that returns nth Fibonacci number> function> fib(n)> {> >var> F = [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 1, 0 ] ];> >if> (n == 0)> >return> 0;> > >power(F, n - 1);> >return> F[0][0];> }> function> multiply(F, M)> {> >var> x = F[0][0] * M[0][0] + F[0][1] * M[1][0];> >var> y = F[0][0] * M[0][1] + F[0][1] * M[1][1];> >var> z = F[1][0] * M[0][0] + F[1][1] * M[1][0];> >var> w = F[1][0] * M[0][1] + F[1][1] * M[1][1];> >F[0][0] = x;> >F[0][1] = y;> >F[1][0] = z;> >F[1][1] = w;> }> // Optimized version of power() in method 4 */> function> power(F, n)> > >if> (n == 0> // Driver code> var> n = 9;> document.write(fib(n));> // This code is contributed by gauravrajput1> >

Izvade

34>

Laika sarežģītība: O(Žurnāls n)
Palīgtelpa: O(Log n), ja ņemam vērā funkcijas izsaukuma steka lielumu, pretējā gadījumā O(1).

Saistītie raksti:
Lieli Fibonači skaitļi Java valodā